{"id":5944,"date":"2026-03-17T09:21:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T01:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=5944"},"modified":"2026-03-30T16:20:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T08:20:46","slug":"development-of-plant-regeneration-systems-in-avocado-persea-americana-mill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=5944","title":{"rendered":"Development of Plant Regeneration Systems in Avocado Persea americana Mill"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Renato A. Avenido, Liza Farah A. Tisalona, and Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza<br>Institute of Plant Breeding<br>University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.1997.5944\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.1997.5944\">doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.1997.5944<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first success in developing regeneration systems via somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) which are suitable for Phytophthora cinamomi resistance selection in vitro are reported. Direct shoot regeneration was achieved from shoot tips or meristems excised from axillary buds cultured initially on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg\/L BAP and 0.1 mg\/L NAA and subcultured on the same medium or with BAP in combination with 0.5 mg\/L thidiazuron (TDZ). Increasing sucrose concentration of 70 g\/L reduced the incidence of browning and improved shoot growth favoring the formation of multiple shoots.<br>Embryogenic calli were obtained from immature seeds of avocado cv RCF Purple cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 mg\/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg\/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Formation of somatic embryos was achieved among calli subcultured at 3-4 week interval for at least 4 cycles into either the same medium or with only 100 mg\/L coconut water as additive. Various stages of somatic embryo development from the globular, heart-shaped to torpedo stages were observed. Somatic embryos were subjected to maturation using MS-based medium containing 5 to 10 mg\/L abscissic acid (ABA). Consequently, complete and efficient plant regeneration was obtained from mature embryos recultured in MS medium with 0.1 mg\/L TDZ and 0.5 mg\/L gibberellic acid (GA3).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keywords<\/h5>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=avocado\" rel=\"tag\">avocado<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=organogenesis\" rel=\"tag\">organogenesis<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=persea\" rel=\"tag\">Persea<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=plant-regeneration\" rel=\"tag\">plant regeneration<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=somatic-embryogenesis\" rel=\"tag\">somatic embryogenesis<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=tissue-culture\" rel=\"tag\">tissue culture<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\"  class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/TNP-1997-19_16_Development-of-Plant-Regeneration-System-in-Avocado-Persea-Americana-Mill.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:1090px\" aria-label=\"Embed of TNP 1997 (19)_16_Development of Plant Regeneration System in Avocado Persea Americana Mill.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-ff56c62c-8deb-4669-b0a8-dc4c5da59529\" href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/TNP-1997-19_16_Development-of-Plant-Regeneration-System-in-Avocado-Persea-Americana-Mill.pdf\">TNP 1997 (19)_16_Development of Plant Regeneration System in Avocado Persea Americana Mill<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/TNP-1997-19_16_Development-of-Plant-Regeneration-System-in-Avocado-Persea-Americana-Mill.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-ff56c62c-8deb-4669-b0a8-dc4c5da59529\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Renato A. Avenido, Liza Farah A. Tisalona, and Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[835],"tags":[1112,1113,1110,1115,1114,1111],"class_list":{"0":"post-5944","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-1997-technical-papers","7":"tag-avocado","8":"tag-organogenesis","9":"tag-persea","10":"tag-plant-regeneration","11":"tag-somatic-embryogenesis","12":"tag-tissue-culture","13":"czr-hentry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5944"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5944"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6227,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5944\/revisions\/6227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}