{"id":5905,"date":"2026-03-16T17:18:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T09:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=5905"},"modified":"2026-03-31T07:35:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T23:35:42","slug":"individualism-vs-collectivism-implications-for-health-promotion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=5905","title":{"rendered":"Individualism vs. Collectivism: Implications for Health Promotion"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Joy U. Pentecostes<br>Department of Health Promotion and Health Education<br>College of Public Health<br>University of the Philippines<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.1997.5905\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.1997.5905\">doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.1997.5905<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This paper examines the strengths and limitations of various health pro-motion strategies as they relate to individualism-collectivism. Individualism-collectivism is discussed in relation to the types of strategies adopted for improv-ing health; active vs. passive measures; and the strategies of education, engineering and enforcement. Findings on individualism-collectivism in the area of commu-nication research are applied to the health promotion domain. It is hoped that the conceptual framework presented in this paper would contribute to the devel-<br>opment of culturally-appropriate health promotion interventions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keywords<\/h5>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=collectivism\" rel=\"tag\">collectivism<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=health-promotion\" rel=\"tag\">health promotion<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=individualism\" rel=\"tag\">individualism<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\"  class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/TNP-1997-19_35_Individualism-Vs.-Collectivism-Implications-for-Health-Promotion.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:1090px\" aria-label=\"Embed of TNP 1997 (19)_35_Individualism Vs. Collectivism Implications for Health Promotion.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-ae5360d7-6167-4b71-b164-fb5568189b0f\" href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/TNP-1997-19_35_Individualism-Vs.-Collectivism-Implications-for-Health-Promotion.pdf\">TNP 1997 (19)_35_Individualism Vs. Collectivism Implications for Health Promotion<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/TNP-1997-19_35_Individualism-Vs.-Collectivism-Implications-for-Health-Promotion.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-ae5360d7-6167-4b71-b164-fb5568189b0f\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joy U. Pentecostes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[835],"tags":[1180,1181,1179],"class_list":{"0":"post-5905","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-1997-technical-papers","7":"tag-collectivism","8":"tag-health-promotion","9":"tag-individualism","10":"czr-hentry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5905"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5905"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6291,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5905\/revisions\/6291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}