{"id":5394,"date":"2025-03-04T14:01:23","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T06:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=5394"},"modified":"2025-04-23T13:51:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T05:51:06","slug":"measurement-of-cosmic-ray-flux-in-iligan-city-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=5394","title":{"rendered":"Influence of Elevated CO\u2082 and Photon Flux Density on Growth, Carbohydrate Content, and Survival in Pinus radiata Shoot Cultures Supplied with Varying Sucrose Levels"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Merab A. Chan1 and Jann Conroy2<br>Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108<br>School of Science, Food and Horticulture, University of Western<br>Sydney, Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.2000.5394\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.2000.5394\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.2000.5394<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The observation that sucrose supply increased growth, especially in the presence of CO2 in the headspace during the light period and provision of higher photon flux density (PFD), indicated that carbohydrates were limiting at 350 mL CO2\u00b7L^-1. Hence, in the present study, CO2 in the headspace was enriched to 2,000 \u00b5L\u00b7L^-1 to investigate whether sucrose could be eliminated from the media and fully autotrophic Pinus radiata plants could be produced in vitro. In the first experiment, sucrose was supplied at 0%, 3%, and 6% at a PFD of 150 \u00b5mol\u00b7m^-2\u00b7s^-1. Dry matter production and shoot height were greatly enhanced by CO2 enrichment at all sucrose levels, indicating that CO2 enhances autotrophy. In addition, vitrified shoots were never observed at 2,000 \u00b5L CO2\u00b7L^-1, and the number of senescent shoots was reduced. Increasing the sucrose supply from 0% to 3% stimulated growth even at elevated CO2. On the assumption that more photosynthetic reducing power may have been required to fully develop autotrophy, the PFD was raised to 280 \u00b5mol\u00b7m^-2\u00b7s^-1 in the second experiment, and sucrose was supplied as in the first experiment. Substantial improvement of growth was achieved with a combination of high PFD and elevated CO2, showing that these factors could partially substitute for an external sucrose supply. Maximum growth was achieved at 6% sucrose, 280 \u00b5mol\u00b7photons\u00b7m^-2\u00b7s^-1, and 2,000 \u00b5L CO2\u00b7L^-1. The requirement for extra sucrose was observed despite a large accumulation of starch at high CO2. Although the reason for this starch accumulation is unknown, it may prove beneficial at planting out.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keywords<\/h5>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=autotrophy\" rel=\"tag\">autotrophy<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=co2\" rel=\"tag\">CO2<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=in-vitro\" rel=\"tag\">in vitro<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=photon-flux-density\" rel=\"tag\">photon flux density<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=pinus-radiata\" rel=\"tag\">Pinus radiata<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=senescent\" rel=\"tag\">senescent<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=shoot-culture\" rel=\"tag\">shoot culture<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=sucrose\" rel=\"tag\">sucrose<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=vitrification\" rel=\"tag\">vitrification<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\"  class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TNP-2000-22_9_CO2-and-Light-Effects-on-Pinus-Radiata-Growth.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:1090px\" aria-label=\"Embed of TNP 2000 (22)_9_CO2 and Light Effects on Pinus Radiata Growth.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-35aff910-8e61-4f1b-9abd-5cf5f17d1f22\" href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TNP-2000-22_9_CO2-and-Light-Effects-on-Pinus-Radiata-Growth.pdf\">TNP 2000 (22)_9_CO2 and Light Effects on Pinus Radiata Growth<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TNP-2000-22_9_CO2-and-Light-Effects-on-Pinus-Radiata-Growth.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-35aff910-8e61-4f1b-9abd-5cf5f17d1f22\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Merab A. Chan and Jann Conroy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[683,688],"tags":[716,720,714,718,713,715,722,717,719],"class_list":{"0":"post-5394","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-683","7":"category-2000-technical-papers","8":"tag-autotrophy","9":"tag-co2","10":"tag-in-vitro","11":"tag-photon-flux-density","12":"tag-pinus-radiata","13":"tag-senescent","14":"tag-shoot-culture","15":"tag-sucrose","16":"tag-vitrification","17":"czr-hentry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5394"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5471,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5394\/revisions\/5471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}