{"id":1408,"date":"2021-12-06T09:46:03","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T01:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=1408"},"modified":"2023-03-22T15:53:07","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T07:53:07","slug":"contact-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?p=1408","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19, Generation Fuels, and the Energy Transition in the Philippines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Majah-Leah V. Ravago<\/strong><strong><sup>1*<\/sup><\/strong><strong> and James A. Roumasset<\/strong><strong><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><sup>1<\/sup>Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University<br><sup>2<\/sup>Department of Economics and UHERO, University of Hawaii<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.2021.1408\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57043\/transnastphl.2021.1408<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"abstract\"><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>The lockdown associated with COVID-19 caused a sizeable downward shock to electricity demand in the Philippines. Although coal is usually classified as a \u201cbaseload\u201d fuel, it ironically bore the brunt of adjustment in the generation mix. The resulting upward pressure on retail prices was offset by <em>force majeure <\/em>contract provisions that allowed distribution utilities to pay lower fixed charges on their power purchase agreements. Coal generators thus suffered the double whammy of lower sales at lower rates. While existing coal plants will contribute to affordability during the recovery, plants in the planning stage may be reevaluated in light of the falling cost of wind and solar power and the low costs of dealing with intermittency when the percentage of intermittent generation is low. The Department of Energy\u2019s \u201ctechnology neutral\u201d policy towards the generation mix is sound so long as least cost is interpreted to include the social costs of pollution. Some changes in renewable energy policy are indicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong><em>Email: mravago@ateneo.edu<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keywords\"><em>Keywords:<\/em><\/h6>\n\n\n<div class=\"taxonomy-post_tag wp-block-post-terms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=covid-19\" rel=\"tag\">COVID-19<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=electricity-industry\" rel=\"tag\">electricity industry<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=energy-transition\" rel=\"tag\">energy transition<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/?tag=philippines\" rel=\"tag\">Philippines<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\"  class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2021-Plenary-Paper-Ravago-MV.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:1090px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Embed of 2021-Plenary-Paper-Ravago-MV..\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-75dbc8d4-1077-40af-b28a-b5b7f42f341b\" href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2021-Plenary-Paper-Ravago-MV.pdf\">2021-Plenary-Paper-Ravago-MV<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2021-Plenary-Paper-Ravago-MV.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-75dbc8d4-1077-40af-b28a-b5b7f42f341b\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Majah-Leah V. Ravago and James A. Roumasset<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,70,6],"tags":[74,126,127,47],"class_list":{"0":"post-1408","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-13","7":"category-articles-2021","8":"category-transactions-nastphl","9":"tag-covid-19","10":"tag-electricity-industry","11":"tag-energy-transition","12":"tag-philippines","13":"czr-hentry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1408"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2758,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408\/revisions\/2758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transactions.nast.ph\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}